The French and Indian War Essay Example For Students

The French and Indian War Essay The French and Indian War Essay The French and Indian War was battled on July 9, 1755. This fight took place at Fort Duquesne, in western Pennsylvania, which was one of the numerous French posts in the Ohio Valley. The battle was between the English armed force, which was driven by General Edward Braddock and the French armed force, which was driven by Captain Beaujeau. The English armed force included 1,750 British regulars and 450 pilgrim civilian army. The French armed force, which included Indians, included under 1,000 men. We will compose a custom paper on The French and Indian War explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The English armed force and General Edward Braddock walked through the wild towards the French stronghold, Fort Duquesne. The outfits that the British wore were simple to see through the woods. They were red and brilliant. A few troopers conveyed banners, some just walked and conveyed their firearms, some were on ponies, furthermore, others played music to which the military walked. General Braddock and his English troopers accepted that the correct method to take on a conflict was to position themselves in an open territory. The French and Indians holed up behind trees and shakes which was shrewd in light of the fact that more British shots hit trees than French and Indian officers when the two armed forces battled. Ten miles from Fort Duquesne, Captain Beaujeau and his French armed force made an unexpected assault on the English. A large portion of the English warriors were executed and harmed. While riding ponies, General Braddock had four of them shot from under him before he himself was murdered. At the point when George Washington was 23 years of age, he drove the pioneer state army on a retreat to wellbeing. Two ponies were shot from under him and four slug openings were found in his jacket, yet, Washington himself was not executed. History . The French And Indian War Essay Example For Students The French And Indian War Essay The French And Indian War Essay The French and Indian War was battled on July 9, 1755. This fight took place at Fort Duquesne, in western Pennsylvania, which was one of the numerous French posts in the Ohio Valley. The battle was between the English armed force, which was driven by General Edward Braddock and the French armed force, which was driven by Captain Beaujeau. The English armed force included 1,750 British regulars and 450 pioneer state army. The French armed force, which included Indians, included under 1,000 men. We will compose a custom paper on The French And Indian War explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The English armed force and General Edward Braddock walked through the wild towards the French fortification, Fort Duquesne. The regalia that the British wore were simple to see through the woods. They were red and splendid. A few officers conveyed banners, some just walked and conveyed their weapons, some were on ponies, also, others played music to which the military walked. General Braddock and his English warriors accepted that the correct method to take on a conflict was to position themselves in an open region. The French and Indians holed up behind trees and shakes which was keen since more British shots hit trees than French and Indian officers when the two armed forces battled. Ten miles from Fort Duquesne, Captain Beaujeau and his French armed force made an unexpected assault on the English. The vast majority of the English fighters were murdered and harmed. While riding ponies, General Braddock had four of them shot from under him before he himself was slaughtered. At the point when George Washington was 23 years of age, he drove the provincial local army on a retreat to wellbeing. Two ponies were shot from under him and four projectile gaps were found in his jacket, be that as it may, Washington himself was not slaughtered. . The French and Indian War Essay Example For Students The French and Indian War Essay The French and Indian War Essay was battled on July 9, 1755. This fight occurred at Fort Duquesne, in western Pennsylvania, which was one of the many French strongholds in the Ohio Valley. The battle was between the English armed force, which was driven by General Edward Braddock and the French armed force, which was driven by Captain Beaujeau. The English armed force included 1,750 British regulars and 450 pilgrim local army. The French armed force, which included Indians, included under 1,000 men. The English armed force and General Edward Braddock walked through the wild towards the French stronghold, Fort Duquesne. The outfits that the British wore were anything but difficult to see through the backwoods. They were red and exceptionally splendid. A few warriors conveyed banners, some just walked and conveyed their firearms, some were on ponies, and others played music to which the military walked. General Braddock and his British warriors accepted that the correct method to take on a conflict was to situate themselves in an open zone. The French and Indians took cover behind trees and shakes which was keen since more British shots hit trees than French and Indian fighters when the two armed forces battled. We will compose a custom paper on The French and Indian War explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Ten miles from Fort Duquesne, Captain Beaujeau and his French armed force made an unexpected assault on the English. A large portion of the British warriors were executed and harmed. While riding ponies, General Braddock had four of them shot from under him before he himself was slaughtered. At the point when George Washington was 23 years of age, he drove the pioneer civilian army on a retreat to security. Two ponies were shot from under him and four projectile openings were found in his jacket, however Washington himself was not slaughtered. . The French and Indian War Essay Example For Students The French and Indian War Essay In July 1755, a couple of miles south of Fort Duquesne, presently Pittsburg where the Alegheny and Monongahela waterways meet, a joined power of French and Indians trapped British and pioneer troops. This fiasco was to eventually turn into the beginning stage of The French and Indian War Essay. During the Seven Years War, as the French and Indian War is usually called, there were wins and misfortunes on the two sides, at the end of the day the British were successful with the assistance of William Pitt. Be that as it may, the War caused England numerous monetary, political, and ideological tribulations with the American pioneers. In light of a French danger to Englands western outskirts, delegates from seven northern and center settlements accumulated in Albany, New York, in June 1754. We will compose a custom article on The French and Indian War explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now With the support of regulates in London, they looked for two objectives: to convince the Iroquois to forsake their customary nonpartisanship and to facilitate the barriers of the states. This Albany Congress prevailing in not one or the other. While the Albany Congress agents pondered, Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia sent a little military power westbound to counter the French moves. Virginia asserted responsibility for, and Governor Dinwiddie would have liked to keep the French from establishing their perpetual post there. Be that as it may, the state army bunch was past the point of no return, for the French were at that point building Fort Duquesne at the key point where the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers meet. George Washington was twenty-two and instructed the Virginian local army who assaulted a French separation and in the end gave up following a day-long fight during which more than 33% of his men were killed or injured. Washington had committed an enormous error that would in the long run set of a war that would incorporate about the whole world. America, mayest well cheer, the Children of New England might be happy and triumph (Doc. E). Driven by William Pitt, a non military personnel official that was set responsible for the war exertion in 1757, Britain sought after a military technique that was inadequate in the years earlier. In July 1758, British powers recovered the stronghold at Louisburg, removing the significant French flexibly course. In an astounding assault in 1759, General James Wolfes fighters vanquished the French on the Plains of Abraham and took Quebec. After a year the British caught Montreal, which was the keep going French fortress on the landmass, which finished the American period of the war. In the Treaty of Paris, France surrendered its significant North American possessions to Britain. Along these lines the British eventually oversaw the landmasses hide exchange after the French surrendered Louisiana to Spain for incomplete pay for its allys misfortunes. The English seacoast states would no longer need to stress over the danger of their reality presented by Frances broad North American domains. See Map (Doc. A)} However, with the desserts come the sharp. The extraordinary triumph over France irreversibly affected North America. An uprising lead by Pontiac, a war boss from the Ottawa town, indicated Great Britain that the tremendous domain as of late obtained from France was difficult to oversee. With no experience overseeing such a gigantic territory, London authorities gave the Proclamation of 1763 in October which expressed that the headwaters of streams streaming into the Atlantic from the Appalachian Mountains would be the impermanent western limit for pioneer settlement. Expected to forestall conflicts by disallowing pioneers to move onto Indian terrains it immediately turned into an unenforceable arrangement that was bound to disappointment. Different issues, for example, financial issues and political difficulties emerged quickly after the Seven Year War. the income emerging is exceptionally little and immaterial and isn't adequate (Doc F). The hard-won triumph in the French and Indian War cost the British a huge number of pounds and made a huge war obligation. Britains weight of obligation about multiplied since 1754, from 73 million pounds to 137 million pounds. In the wake of thinking about their difficulties, England felt it just right that the American homesteaders should pay a lot of the obligation for the Empire since they profited so extraordinarily from the wartime consumptions. Through acts, for example, the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act, American pilgrims had to follow through on significant expenses to

Impact of ICT on an Adult in Employment, Including the Effect on Working Style Essay Example for Free

Effect of ICT on an Adult in Employment, Including the Effect on Working Style Essay Anything individuals have made could be called innovation, yet normally individuals consider propels in utilizing logical information and applying it to a pragmatic use, such as making photovoltaic cells or wind turbines. Innovation intrigued by instances of a particular innovation being used, for example, the web or Decision Support Systems. Innovation can take care of a large portion of our issues and everything which we are utilizing in our live for instance: radio, TV, PCs, web, cell phone, and These are called innovation. We use innovation in better places too for instance: at home, in workplaces, business, shops, or so on. Various individuals give Various individuals will give it distinctive importance relying upon their perspective and setting. The job and effects of innovation in both our own and lives are ever developing. Innovation is tied in with making a move to meet a human need as opposed to only understanding the functions of the normal world. We can characterize Technology like this: An assortment of information used to make apparatuses, create abilities, and concentrate or gather materials; the utilization of science (the blend of the logical strategy and material) to meet a goal or take care of an issues called Technology. Point: In this investigation I am going to tell about the life of John: John is an architect and he is 52 years of age he has 22 years experience and he is an agent and he utilize various advancements for his work and for his life he utilize the accompanying innovations: Email Cell Phone PC And furthermore I am expounding on the life of John which how does the innovation influence on his life and how this innovation completely change him, since John said that 20 years prior I have no Mobile Phone, email address and Software, which I have now, and he said that since 5 years the innovation has transformed me and I can not do my works without these advancements. Email presentation: Email, short for electronic mail, is a framework wherein a PC client can trade messages with other PC clients utilizing an interchanges organize. To utilize email, you should approach a PC that is connected to the outside world, by means of a modem, telephone line, or fiber optic link (Ethernet). Sending email is like sending postal mail, with some significant contrasts: 1. Email is a great many occasions quicker. A message can go from Illinois to Australia in a flash! 2. Email is free nearby there is no postage cost to understudies. 3. Email isn't as private as a normal letter. 4. Email involves figuring out how to utilize PC programs. 5. Additionally, E-mail expects us to have a sign-on to the electronic mail framework, and this normally includes having a secret phrase, as well. 6. Email can be sent to numerous individuals simultaneously, and you can partake in on-going conversations regarding numerous matters simultaneously. 7. Email can get to data and record libraries, well communicate something specific and recover an archive or pictures in practically no time. 8. Email frequently contains grammatical errors and incorrect spellings since it is so natural to create and send. How/why he utilizes E-mail by and by? John utilizes email to send his report to the organization that he is working for at that point and to send or get photos over the web. Sending reports over the web spares a great deal of time and is a simpler strategy for imparting than through the post. Before he got the web he utilized the post to send the report to the organization. He utilize the web to advise his accomplices, and when he fine an offer he can send an email to the entirety of his associate to educate those and a few times he sent a few maps of homes from his own email to other partner, and furthermore he use email to sent some photographs and recordings as well, and he stated: that I am not generally utilize my email to my own work I utilize my email for getting a charge out of and sending messages for my Childs, spouse, companions and to my families as well. What is the points of interest/drawback of email? John said that E-mail Advertising, as powerful as it is has the two favorable circumstances and disservices. It is valuable to be very much aware of the two sides of the coin as one sets out on the utilization of email for their showcasing and promoting, and he is likewise that fortunately the upsides of email publicizing are various and far exceed the couple of detriments. The upsides of email which impact on his life these are in the accompanying: 1. Its quicker. He got email very quickly after it is send, for the most part in practically no time. 2. Its increasingly conversational. On account of its promptness, an entire arrangement of email messages perhaps he traded inside a brief timeframe. Accordingly, email messages will in general be less formal and they are likewise typically shorter and more to the point. 3. Since email is so new, he has no immovable principles about what might be said in a message. These principles are advancing a result of his expanded utilization of email, just as the approach of new innovation that ceaselessly influences how he applies it. What's more, he additionally said that email doesn't have simply focal points it has impediments as well, presently I am expounding on the drawbacks of email which impact on John life: 1. As he has seen, probably the greatest disservice of email is the capacity for misconception. Email has some different impediments too. It very well may be utilized to converse with more than each individual in turn, however the methods for doing so can be somewhat lumbering. At its center, email is a coordinated correspondence medium. Email requires dynamic support, and he needs to browse his email to get messages. In the event that he doesn't browse his email, he will never realize that someone has reached him. 2. A lot of email can prompt administration issues with his in-box being overpowered via mail. 3. Because of its casual nature it is anything but difficult to his to overlook dissimilar to correspondence on the phone or mail. Which things E-mail contain? * Inbox: A region in his mail memory that holds got messages that have not been perused or handled. * Drafts: When he spared a few records in his email address, the documents and archives which he spared before he can discover in Drafts. * Sent: The sends which he sent this sent thing will disclose to him which records, letters, archives and pictures he sent. * Spam: Internet spam is at least one spontaneous messages, sent or posted as a feature of a bigger assortment of messages, all having generously indistinguishable substance. * Trash: junk and useless material that will be discarded. * Contacts: All his companions, families, laborers and another person that John knows them he can spare all his email address in contact and afterward can see their messages effectively and early when he needs. * Calendar: We all think about importance of Calendar, schedule is an arrangement of sorting out days for a socially, strict, industrially, or authoritatively valuable reason. * Notepad: Some significant sentences that John need to spare them Notepad is the spot that he can spare them all their. In the event that John didnt have E-mail, how might it influence his activity? John stated: on the off chance that I didnt have email address, at that point I would lose my business, since I have heaps of laborers in my business I can see each one and educating every one of them concerning their employments, so the most effortless path for me is that I am sending every one of them and accepting the reactions of them, and furthermore by utilizing my mail I can sent a few maps and places and headings for my laborers, and I am advising them, likewise I am utilizing my sends to sent and gets from my family, and companions as well. Cell Phone Introduction: A Mobile Phone (otherwise called a Cellular Telephone) is characterized as a compact electronic gadget with the end goal of media communications over significant distances. Most present cell phones really associate with a cell system of base stations (the cell destinations themselves) which cover to yield inclusion and which likewise connection to the standard landline open exchanged phone arrange. It ought to be noticed that cell phones are particular from family unit cordless phones which for the most part work just inside scope of a devoted base station (however the differentiation is obscuring with cell phones that can interface by means of Bluetooth to a home web base station). It ought to be noted, be that as it may, that the term cell phone can allude to a versatile communication gadget and furthermore incorporates satellite telephones and radio telephones. Most telephones has camera which we can take photographs, and record a few recordings as well. How/why he utilizes Mobile Phone? John utilize cell phones to be associate with his family, youngsters, and spouse and with his companions. Furthermore, he utilizes his cell phone in office and to his business to illuminate his laborers and to be in contact with the people groups which he works. He likewise utilizes cell phone to send recordings, photographs, messages for each body which he needs. He utilizes various things that his versatile contain and the accompanying things his cell phones contain: Messages, Contact, Alarm, Calendar, Fun box, Reminder, Call register, Tones, Profiles, Calculator. He utilizes Messages to send archive and messages for his family, companion, spouse and children. He utilizes Alarm to get up morning ahead of schedule for his activity. What's more, the schedule which his Mobile Phone contain he realized that what date is today and which day is today. What's more, his cell phone has suggestion to remind him at times which he overlooked a few works. Also, a few times the occasions which he filling load up he is going to Games which it portable has and Playing a few games, and his cell phone has web too that he can go too web and see his sends and another things which we can do it on web and he said that I am happy and I am filling too acceptable aim I can take care of my bunches of issues with utilizing the cell phone. What are favorable circumstances/disservices of cell phone when he use? Favorable circumstances of utilizing cell phone: 1. He can take it with him whom he didnt miss significant calls. 2. He doesnt have telemarketers irritating him at supper time. 3. In the event that he experiences vehicle difficulty or a mishap he can call for crises. 4. He can take the photos of mishap or any meager

Essay Topics - How to Create Your Own

Essay Topics - How to Create Your OwnThis article gives an overview of the Glass Castle essay topics and some tips on preparing for your essay. The essay topic has certain restrictions, so if you would like to include some of these restrictions on your essay, you should make sure that you work within those guidelines in order to have success. The details may vary from college to college, but these general guidelines are in most cases considered to be as follows:o Go for something unique. Not everything is within the scope of the essay. However, some subjects do not need to be covered in an essay, but may be appropriate to a journal, presentation, or report. Therefore, if you want to cover one of the many topics on the Glass Castle essay, you need to find out what these topics are, if they are not addressed, and then choose a topic based on what it was that you want to communicate.o It's the hard part! It's easy to get caught up in being overwhelmed by the Glass Castle essay topics. J ust remember that each topic can be explained in just a few sentences, and that you must carefully choose the subject to write about and the style of writing to use in order to make your point.o Start early and work hard! The essay topic can be a long process and you should work hard at writing a compelling essay. Taking a break is also very important in order to get your thoughts and ideas down on paper.o Practice the essay! There is no set writing style for the Glass Castle essay, so you will want to be sure that you practice the essay as much as possible before submitting it to the college of your choice. You should be certain that you find topics and sources that are appropriate for your essay. Be sure that you know where to go for information before you submit the essay.o Use the tools provided by the essay! One of the best tools you can use when writing the Glass Castle essay is a reference book that has a good selection of essay topics. Additionally, there are many resources available online that provide sample essay topics and sample essays. These can also prove very helpful in helping you write a better essay.o Check your grammar! The essays that colleges look for are as much of a reflection of the student's personality as the essay itself, so any problems with the grammar and writing skills will always hurt the essay.So remember, if you want to succeed in the Glass Castle essay topics, it is important to set your own rules for the essay and to make sure that you follow them. Make sure that you take breaks, practice the essay often, and make sure that you have a lot of fun with it. You can get around having to create your own rules by having someone else write a Glass Castle essay for you.

Teen Alcoholism Is Driven By Example - 1150 Words

Teen Alcoholism is driven by example. a teen sees someone else drinking, for whatever reason, and they imitate them to either save he or she’s pride and be â€Å"cool† or use is as e remedy to try to feel better about a situation they are in or to numb an unpleasant emotion they do not know how to deal with. affects the physical state of a young person, but also one’s current situations and relationships, and the outcome of he or she’s futures. â€Å"People who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence at some time in their lives compared with those who have their first drink at age 20 or older. It is not clear whether starting to drink at an early age actually causes alcoholism or whether it simply†¦show more content†¦And because many parents and other adults use alcohol socially-having beer or wine with dinner, for example alcohol seems harmless to many teens† (Ed. Joseph Tardiff) The affect of teen alcoholism can be emotional, physical, and psychological. One physical effect of teen alcoholism is withdraw. Withdraw can occur after having 4-5 drinks. Hangovers are a form of withdraw. â€Å"†¦as the body cells tat had to adjust to the presence of alcohol try to adapt to its absence.† (ed. Joseph Tardiff). This causes an imbalance of eternal affairs which can result in nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, muscle pain, headaches, anxiety, and jittery hands. Hangovers are usually more common when drinking a large amount of alcohol in a very short amount of time, opposed to a lot spread out into a larger amount of time. Delirum Tremus is a more serious form of alcohol withdraw. Alcohol cravings can consume a person. This would largely affect the responsibilities in he or she’s life such as school, relationships, friendships, sports, activates, jobs, etc. to say the least, the withdraw from alcohol is distracting. a teenager’s concentration is pulled away from the actions that will help further them and succeed in the future, and pull them into and unhealthy routine that can damage their body. Brain damage is another detrimental affect of teen alcohol abuse. â€Å"Giedd said. â€Å"Since the cement of the brain is still setting, if

History of WD-40

If youve ever used WD-40 to oil up something squeaky in your home, you may have wondered, just what does WD-40 stand for? According to the company that makes it, WD-40 literally stands for Water Displacement 40th   attempt. Thats the name straight out of the lab book used by the chemist who helped develop WD-40 back in 1953. Norman  Larsen  was attempting to concoct a formula to prevent corrosion, a task which is done by displacing water. Norms persistence paid off when he perfected the formula for WD-40 on his 40th try. Rocket Chemical Company WD-40 was invented by the three founders of the Rocket Chemical Company of San Diego, California. The team of inventors was working on a line of industrial rust-prevention solvents and degreasers for use in the aerospace industry. Today, it  is manufactured by the San Diego, California-based WD-40 Company. WD-40 was first used to protect the outer skin of the Atlas Missile from rust and corrosion. When it was discovered to have many household uses, Larsen repackaged WD-40 into aerosol cans for consumer use and the product was sold to the general public in 1958. In 1969, the Rocket Chemical Company was renamed after its only product (WD-40). Interesting Uses for WD-40 Two of the craziest purposes for WD-40 include a bus driver in Asia who used it to remove a python snake which had coiled itself around the undercarriage of his bus and police officers who used WD-40 to remove a naked burglar trapped in an air conditioning vent. Ingredients WD-40s main ingredients, as supplied in aerosol cans, according to the U.S.  Material Safety Data Sheet  information, are: 50 percent aliphatic hydrocarbons. The manufacturers website claims this ratio in the current formulation cannot accurately be described as  Stoddard solvent, a similar mixture of hydrocarbons.25 percent  petroleum  base oil. Presumably, mineral oil  or light lubricating oil.12-18 percent low  vapor pressure  aliphatic hydrocarbon. Reduces the liquids viscosity so that it can be used in aerosols. The hydrocarbon evaporates during application.2-3 percent carbon dioxide. A propellant which is now used instead of the original  liquefied petroleum gas  to reduce WD-40s flammability.10 percent inert ingredients.​ The long-term active ingredient is a non-volatile viscous oil which remains on the surface to which it is applied, giving lubrication and protection from moisture.​ The oil is diluted with a volatile hydrocarbon to make a low viscosity fluid which can be aerosolized to penetrate crevices. The volatile hydrocarbon then evaporates, leaving behind the oil. A propellant (originally a low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon, now carbon dioxide) creates pressure in the can to force the liquid through the cans nozzle before evaporating. Its properties make it useful in both domestic and commercial settings. Typical uses for WD-40 include removing dirt and removing stubborn screws and bolts. It can also be used to loosen stuck zippers and displace moisture. Due to its lightness (i.e. low viscosity), WD-40 is not always the preferred oil for certain tasks. Applications that require higher viscosity oils may use  motor oils. Those requiring a mid-range oil could use  honing oil instead. Source Chemical safety in the workplace. Safety Data Sheets, WD-40 Company, 2019.

Geography of Japan Essay - 2320 Words

Japan is known for its contemporary culture and advancement in electronics and engineering. We could also learn from the traditions Japan can offer. From advancement in cars and electronic devices, Japan holds on to ancient arts and traditions that play a role in their daily life. Japan has various climates from tropical in the south to cooler temperatures in the north, and the famous tourist site of the active volcano Mount Fuji. Mount Fiji is the highest mountain in Japan, with a tundra climate the temperature is low and covered with snow causing. The average temperature is always below freezing, excluding the summer. Geography of Japan Japan is a country made up by a chain of thousands of islands on the Pacific Ocean. Japan†¦show more content†¦Chubu has the highest and most famous landmark of Japan Mount Fuji; some of the longest rivers in Japan are located along the Sea of Japan. Its three industrial areas, the first one Chukyo industrial zone are where Toyota Motors is located. The second industrial zone is called Tokai and is where Yamaha is located, and the third industrial location is called Hokuriku where chemicals, medicines, tourism, and a variety of rice is produced. Shikoku region is the smallest of the four main islands and has high steep mountains that do not allow much of farming. The climate is subtropical and is known for its large whirlpools. The Tohoku region located in the northeastern made of gigantic mountains. This area has short summers and long winters and is used for agricultural with over half of this land is rice fields. Kinki/Kansai region is where Osaka and Kobe are lo cated. Rice and citrus fruit are produced here allowed with fishing and lumbering: these industries are important for Japan and are the second most important area for Japan. Also in the Kinki/Kansai region is where one of the important ports for Japans trading. Kansai refers not to the location but to cultural and history of Kinki area. Kyushu and Okinawa are two different locations, but in the same region. They are the furthest south of the four major regions made up of more than 1,400 islands. Okinawa is an island by itself and theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Geography Of Japan464 Words   |  2 Pagesthan any other nation in the world, Japan is shaped by its geography to a tremendous extent. Technically classified as an archipelago, Japan is a curved chain of four islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, plus over a thousand smaller islands). However, it is first and foremost an island nation, a fact which isolated Japan from the rest of the world. The second largest i nfluence in Japanese geography is the size of the nation. The total area of Japan proper is a little under 143 thousandRead MoreJapan s Culture And Its Unique Geography Essay847 Words   |  4 PagesJapan’s culture began with its unique geography as an island that is separated and isolated from other East Asian countries. While there are many theories about modern’s Japanese ancestor; however, most Japanese archaeologists believe the first people that lived and colonized in Japan was the Ainu. The combined evidence of archeology, anthropology, and genetics have shown the indistinctive look between Ainu and the modern Japanese. In their overall genetic makeup, the Ainu are related to other EastRead MoreThe Geography 101 Course Essay Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesThrough the Geography 101 course, I have become increasingly familiar with certain concepts that are easily applicable to cities and countries that I am familiar with. These concepts help me fully understand t he geographic situation occurring in these locations. One location that has been brought up many times throughout the semester and I have increased with familiarity is Japan. This location is constantly changing and growing. 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ThisRead MoreThe Attack on Pearl Harbor754 Words   |  3 Pagesbattle, where the battle was fought, what the geography was like during the battle, what the weather was like, what happened during this battle, how many casualties occurred, other things I learned about the battle, who won the battle, and how the battle was important to WWII. What countries fought in this battle. During this battle, the country of Japan attacked the country of the United States. Where was the battle fought? What was the geography like during this battle? The Japanese attackedRead MoreAp World History Essay: Comparing and Contrasting China and Japans Responses to Western Penetration in the 19th Century658 Words   |  3 PagesJapan and China had many contrasting responses to western penetration in the nineteenth century, including economic interaction - economically China suffered and Japan prospered, Japanese agricultural productivity increased while China’s did not, and China only accepted a small amount of goods while Japan accepted a wide range of goods- and political interaction - China went to war but Japan did not, Japan adopted western learning styles but China did not, and Japan heavily increased taxes on theirRead MoreWhat the World Eats, by Peter Menzel1750 Words   |  7 Pagesholds out a can of something altered and edible, and a young girl perched near her mother clutches a bag of potato chips to her chest as if claiming it as solely he r own. This is the scene depicted in a photograph of the Ukita family in Kodaira City, Japan as part of a series taken by Peter Menzel for the book â€Å"What the World Eats†. This series of photographs illustrates not only what people eat in different parts of the world, but also how their families, and lives as fellow humans can so closely resembleRead MoreFrom Chernobyl to Fukushima Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesNot only will the world suffer emotionally from this tragedy emotionally but economically as well. We all know that geography is the ultimate reason behind the disaster. Japan is located at the junction of a web tectonic- plate, resulting in this island being particularly vulnerable to ground-shaking episodes, more than almost anywhere else (Winchester). Although, geography is not the only factor that played a role in this event. Topography greatly affected the death and disaster (Winchester)

Economics and Quantitative Analysis Gross Domestic Product

Questions: 1. Explain why real GDP might be an unreliable indicator of the standard of living. 2. Why does unemployment arise and what makes some unemployment unavoidable? 3. Consider the following statement: When the average level of prices of goods and services rises, inflation rises? Do you agree or disagree? Explain. 4. What is the aggregate demand (AD) curve and why does it slope downwards? Explain. 5. What is the long run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve and why is it vertical? Why does the short run aggregate supply curve slope upwards? Answers: 1. GDP or Gross Domestic Product of an economy is the monetary measure of market estimation of all the final products and ventures produced within the boundaries of the country. The real GDPis the value of the final goods and services produced in a particular year when valued in the context of the price of an assumed base year. However, Mankiw(2014) argued that real GDP is not capable of portraying the true health of an economy. GDP has been used to determine the market value of the final goods and services since long back. Nevertheless, modern experts argue that the GDP is a narrow parameter to determine the overall health of the economy and its people. As opined by Evans and Honkapohja(2012), two problems arise while using the real GDP of an economy to measure the standard of living. The first problem is that while comparing the standard of living between two economies using real GDP, the real GDP of one country needs to be converted into the same currency as the other country. The second problem is that the goods and services produced in both the countries are to be valued at the same prices. Furthermore, real GDP is misleading as it does not include the household productions, and the productive activities carried out carried out in and around the house by the owners. The exclusion of these components creates a huge difference in the measurement. The real GDP does not even include the measurement of the health of the people, the life expectancy while these are important factors that affect the economic well being. 2. Unemployment in an economy can be defined as the situation where the individuals are actively seeking employment but are unable to find work. The different types of unemployment that occurs in an economy are cyclical, frictional and structural unemployment.The state of unemployment occurs in an economy due to several reasons. The main reason for the occurrence of unemployment is when the individuals leave their existing jobs in order to find a better option. Saez(2014) added that there are chances for unemployment when the skills of the workers and the income requirement do not match with the jobs available in the market. Unemployment further takes place in an economy when the workers move out for unrelated reasons. They prefer remaining unemployed until the time they find jobs in the new town. Unemployment cannot be totally removed from an economy, asthe economy is always changing and there are always some of the individuals entering into the labour force and searching for job at any point of time. Mian and Sufi(2012) mentioned that some firms in the economy constantly expand while the other shrinks. Moreover, some regions achieve faster growth than the other regions. Therefore, temporary unemployment occurs in the economy due to the transition of the workers between firms and regions. The government of the economy can implement fiscal policies to reduce unemployment. However, the measures are incapable of completely removing it. An example where unemployment is inevitable in an economy is the case of frictional unemployment. Due to the technical progress in the developing countries, the workers tend to quit their existing jobs in search of better job opportunities. This leads to some amount of unemployment in the country, which cannot be completely reduced. 3. Inflation can be depicted as the maintained increment in the general value level of the merchandise and services. The equilibrium cost of the products and enterprises in the market is dictated by the intersection of the demand curve and the supply curvefor the merchandise and ventures in the market.As the average level of the price for the goods and the services in the market increases, inflation rises. Weiss(2014) mentioned that the inflation is the rate of increase in the price level over a given period. Thus, an additional unit of price level than the average price level will increase the level of inflation in the economy. As the price level in the market raises, the average price of all the goods and services increases, this indicates that the inflation level in the economy also arises. As the inflation rises in the economy, the value of every dollar decreases and the consumers can purchase lesser amount of goods and services with the given amount of money. The increase in the average level of the price for the goods and the services gradually leads to hyperinflation in the economy. The hyperinflation can lead to the breakdown of the monetary system of the economy. Figure 1: Inflation (Source: As created by the author) The United States Department of Labour, Bureau of Statistics showed that a loaf of bread cost 59 in 1988, while the same loaf of bread amounted to $1.42 in 2013. In the time span of twenty-five years, there was an increase in the price level by 140%. Thus, the increase in the average level of price of bread caused the inflation level to rise. 4. The aggregate demand curve or AD curve is the curve that indicates the total amount of goods and services demanded in an economy at a given price level. ?ahinet al. (2014) expressed the aggregate demand curve as the total amount of money exchanged for the goods and services. The curve represents the total output at a given price level since the aggregate demand is measured through the market values. The Keynesian equation for the aggregate demand of an economy is AD= C + I + G + (NX), where C is the consumer spending, G is the government spending, I is the private investment spending for non-final capital goods, and NX is the net exports. The aggregate demand curve is as follows: Figure 2: Aggregate demand curve (Source: ?ahinet al. 2014) The aggregate demand curve considers that the money supply in constant in the economy. As the general price level in the economy increases, the purchasing power of the consumer decreases as the value of the money is lesser. Furthermore, as there is a decrease in the price level, consumers feel wealthier as they are able to purchase more with a given amount of money. Thus, the inverse relation between the price level and the total consumption as measured by the GDP causes the demand curve to be downward slopping. The aggregate demand curve is downward slopping because of the effect of the interest rate. The final factor that contributes in the downward sloping of the aggregate demand curve is the net export of the economy. As the price level increases, imported goods tend to be less expensive than the domestic goods. Therefore, the increase in the imported goods along with the decrease in the export goods reduces the net export. Hence, the aggregate demand curve is downward slopping. 5. The long run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve is a representation of the connection between the price level and the output of goods and services in the long run. As opined by Kline and Moretti (2013), the LRAS is possible output and is shifted by the factors that affect the potential output such as the capital available, entrepreneurship, capital and developments in technologies. The LRAS curve is vertical as it indicates the potential output. According to Sargent (2013), the long run aggregate supply curve is vertical because of the fact that the adjustments in the total demand cause impermanent change in the aggregate yield of the economy. Figure 3: Long run aggregate supply curve (Source: Sargent 2013) The short run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve represents the dissimilar quantities of real production in the short run that will be supplied into the market at the diverse level of prices. As the price rises, the quantity of supply also rises. Hence, there is a positive relationship between the price and the quantity supplied. The SRAS curve is upward slopping as in the short run the adjustments in the supply curve can be carried out to some certain extent. The producers are capable of increasing the production by running operational activities for the longer hour. Hansen(2016) further opined that in the short run, it is not possible for the firms to set up new plants and thus supply can be increased to a certain level. Figure 4: Short run aggregate supply curve (Source: Baumann and McAllister 2015) References Baumann, D. and McAllister, L., 2015.Inflation and string theory. Cambridge University Press. Evans, G.W., and Honkapohja, S., 2012.Learning and expectations in macroeconomics. Princeton University Press. Hansen, B., 2016.A Study in the Theory of Inflation. Routledge. Kline, P. and Moretti, E., 2013. Place based policies with unemployment.The American Economic Review,103(3), pp.238-243. Mankiw, N.G., 2014.Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Mian, A.R. and Sufi, A., 2012.What explains high unemployment? The aggregate demand channel(No. w17830). National Bureau of Economic Research. Saez, E., 2014. Aggregate Demand, Idle Time, and Unemployment. ?ahin, A., Song, J., Topa, G. and Violante, G.L., 2014. Mismatch unemployment.The American Economic Review,104(11), pp.3529-3564. Sargent, T.J., 2013.Rational expectations and inflation. Princeton University Press. Weiss, A., 2014.Efficiency wages: Models of unemployment, layoffs, and wage dispersion. Princeton University Press.

Fail States free essay sample

Nation-states fail because they are convulsed by internal violence and can no longer deliver positive political goods to their inhabitants. Their governments lose legitimacy, and the very nature of the particular nation-state itself becomes illegitimate in the eyes and in the hearts of a growing plurality of its citizens. The rise and fall of nation-states is not new, but in a modern era when national states constitute the building blocks of legitimate world order the violent disintegration and palpable weakness of selected African, Asian, Oceanic, and Latin American states threaten the very foundation of that system. International organizations and big powers consequently find themselves sucked disconcertingly into a maelstrom of anomic internal conflict and messy humanitarian relief. Desirable international norms such as stability and predictability thus become difficult to achieve when so many of the globe’s newer nation-states waver precariously between weakness and failure, with some truly failing, or even collapsing. We will write a custom essay sample on Fail States or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In a time of terror, moreover, appreciating the nature of and responding to the dynamics of nation-state failure have become central to critical policy debates. How best to strengthen weak states and prevent state failure are among the urgent questions of the twenty-first century. This book examines contemporary cases of nation-state collapse and failure. 1 It establishes clear criteria for distinguishing collapse and failure from generic weakness or apparent distress, and collapse from failure. It further analyzes the nature of state weakness and advances reasons why some weak states succumb to failure, or collapse, and why others in ostensibly more straightened circumstances remain weak and at risk without ever destructing. Characterizing failed states is thus an important and relevant endeavor, especially because the phenomenon of state failure is under-researched, hitherto with imprecise definitions and a paucity of sharply argued, instructive, and well-delineated cases. Further, understanding exactly why weak states slide toward failure will help policymakers to design methods to prevent failure and, in the cases of states that nevertheless fail (or collapse), to revive them and assist in the rebuilding process. States are much more varied in their capacity and capability than they once were. They are more numerous than they were a half century ago, and the range of their population sizes, physical endowments, wealth, productivity, delivery systems, ambitions, and attainments is much more extensive than ever before. In 1914, in the wake of the crumbling of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires, there were fifty-five recognized national polities. In 1919, there were fifty-nine nations. In 1950, that number had reached sixty-nine. Ten years later, after the attainment of independence in much of Africa, ninety were nations. After many more African, Asian, and Oceanic territories had become independent, and after the implosion of the Soviet Union, the number of nations jumped to 191; East Timor’s independence in 2002 brought that total to 192. Given such explosive numbers, the inherent fragility of many of the new recruits (fifteen of Africa’s fifty-four states are landlocked), and the inherent navigational perils of the post–Cold War economic and political terrain, the possibility of failure among a subset of the total remains ever present. Strength and Weakness Nation-states exist to provide a decentralized method of delivering political (public) goods to persons living within designated parameters (borders). Having replaced the monarchs of old, modern states focus and answer the concerns and demands of citizenries. They organize and channel the interests of their people, often but not exclusively in furtherance of national goals and values. They buffer or manipulate external forces and influences, champion the local or particular concerns of their adherents, and mediate between the constraints and challenges of the international arena and the dynamism of their own internal economic, political, and social realities. States succeed or fail across all or some of these dimensions. But it is according to their performance—according to the levels of their effective delivery of the most crucial political goods—that strong states may be distinguished from weak nes, and weak states from failed or collapsed states. Political goods   are those intangible and hard to quantify claims that citizens once made on sovereigns and now make on states. They encompass expectations, conceivably obligations, inform the local political culture, and together give content to the social contract between ruler and ruled that is at the core of regime/government and citizenry interactions. 2 There is a hierarchy of political goods. None is as critical as the supply of security, especially human security. Individuals alone, almost exclusively in special or particular circumstances, can attempt to secure themselves. Or groups of individuals can band together to organize and purchase goods or services that maximize their sense of security. Traditionally, and usually, however, individuals and groups cannot easily or effectively substitute private security for the full spectrum of public security. The state’s prime function is to provide that political good of security—to prevent cross-border invasions and infiltrations, and any loss of territory; to eliminate domestic threats to or attacks upon the national order and social structure; to prevent crime and any related dangers to domestic human security; and to enable citizens to resolve their disputes with the state and with their fellow inhabitants without recourse to arms or other forms of physical coercion. The delivery of a range of other desirable political goods becomes possible when a reasonable measure of security has been sustained. Modern states (as successors to sovereigns) provide predictable, recognizable, systematized methods of adjudicating disputes and regulating both the norms and the prevailing mores of a particular society or polity. The essence of that political good usually implies codes and procedures that together constitute an enforceable rule of law, security of property and inviolable contracts, a judicial system, and a set of values that legitimize and validate the local version of fair play. Another key political good enables citizens to participate freely, openly, and fully in politics and the political process. This good encompasses the essential freedoms: the right to compete for office; respect and support for national and regional political institutions, like legislatures and courts; tolerance of dissent and difference; and fundamental civil and human rights. Other political goods typically supplied by states (although privatized forms are possible) and expected by their citizenries include medical and health care (at varying levels and costs); schools and educational instruction (of various kinds and levels)—the knowledge good; roads, railways, harbors, and other physical infrastructures—the arteries of commerce; communications infrastructures; a money and banking system, usually presided over by a central bank and lubricated by a national currency; a beneficent fiscal and institutional context within which citizens can pursue personal entrepreneurial goals and potentially prosper; the promotion of civil society; and methods of regulating the 4 ROBERT I. ROTBERG sharing of the environmental commons. Together, this bundle of political goods, roughly rank ordered, establishes a set of criteria according to which modern nation-states may be judged strong, weak, or failed. Strong states obviously perform well across these categ ories and with respect to each, separately. Weak states show a mixed profile, fulfilling expectations in some areas and performing poorly in others. The more poorly weak states perform, criterion by criterion, the weaker they become, and the more that weakness tends to edge toward failure, hence the subcategory of weakness that is termed failing. Many failed states flunk each of the tests outlined above. But they need not flunk all of them to fail overall, particularly since satisfying the security good weighs very heavily, and high levels of internal violence are associated directly with failure and the propensity to fail. Yet, violence alone does not condition failure, and the absence of violence does not necessarily imply that the state in question is not failed. It is necessary to judge the extent to which an entire failing or failed profile is less or more than its component parts. Strong states unquestionably control their territories and deliver a full range and a high quality of political goods to their citizens. They perform well according to indicators like GDP per capita, the UNDP Human Development Index, Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index, and Freedom House’s Freedom of the World Report. Strong states offer high levels of security from political and criminal violence, ensure political freedom and civil liberties, and create environments conducive to the growth of economic opportunity. The rule of law prevails. Judges are independent. Road networks are well maintained. Telephones work. Snail mail and e-mail both arrive quickly. Schools, universities, and students flourish. Hospitals and clinics serve patients effectively. And so on. Overall, strong states are places of enviable peace and order. Weak states include a broad continuum of states that are: inherently weak because of geographical, physical, or fundamental economic constraints; basically strong, but temporarily or situationally weak because of internal antagonisms, management flaws, greed, despotism, or external attacks; and a mixture of the two. Weak states typically harbor ethnic, religious, linguistic, or other intercommunal tensions that have not yet, or not yet thoroughly, become overtly violent. Urban crime rates tend to be higher and increasing.

A description of mythological creatures found in the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis and their origin

A description of mythological creatures found in the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis and their origin DwarfA dwarf (modern plural dwarfs, older variant is dwarves) is a short humanoid creature in Norse mythology as well as fairy tales, fantasy fiction and role-playing games. Dwarves are much like humans, but generally living underground or in mountainous areas. Here they have heaped up countless treasures of gold, silver, and precious stones, and pass their time in fabricating costly armour. They are famed miners and smiths although, like humans, they specialize in any number of trades. Generally shorter than humans, they are on average stockier and hairier, usually sporting full beards. Dwarfish smiths created some of the greatest and most powerful items of power in Norse mythology, such as the magic ribbon which bound the wolf, Fenris.SatyrsIn Greek mythology, satyrs are mythological half-man and half-goat nature entities that roamed the woods and mountains, and were the companions of Pan and Dionysus.Satyrs are most commonly described as having the upper half of a man and the lowe r half of a goat or, less commonly, the lower half of a horse.Brygos PainterThey are also described as possessing a long thick tail, either that of a goat or a horse. Mature satyrs are often depicted with goat's horns, while juveniles are often shown with bony nubs on their foreheads.They are described as roguish but faint-hearted folk subversive and dangerous, yet shy and cowardly. They are lovers of wine, women and boys, and are ready for every physical pleasure. They roam to the music of pipes, cymbals, castanets, and bagpipes, and love to dance with the nymphs (with whom they are obsessed, and whom they often pursue), and have a special form of dance called 'sikinnis'. Because of their love of wine, they are often represented holding wine-cups, and appear often in the decorations on wine-cups.

A case study on E-commerce business model Assignment

A case study on E-commerce business model - Assignment Example E-commerce-a strong promotion & Market research tool: Richard who was supposed to be a gardener diverted in a medium which he thought can change his business distribution strategy if properly used i.e WWW. He was in need a mode to take his products to the people who are in search of the same. WWW is having no boundaries and can reach customers beyond horizons and can transfer data with more precision. trivial option for the conventional gardener as it was termed as an expensive tool and complex tool to work with. The professional charges to build a website with all the features were difficult to bear with. The initial investment is needed to place a website was a bit high. Prior to the advent of WWW, gardening companies have to register their company and their products to an apex organization to market their products. These apex organizations used to divert the customers to the respective companies for the products thus the medium in between was circuitous and complex for a customer to approach. E-commerce has eliminated these hurdles and kept the entire information required on the website that can be viewed by the consumers at their convenience. Unlike conventional marketing strategies, the website needs constant update and monitoring which was not an encouraging factor for gardeners. Richard has made a bold move by initiating the efforts to learn and implement the methods of developing the website. His initial efforts made to learn the pro and cons of using internet marketing. He constantly updated his knowledge and the technology thus set the platform that made him to entice more customers. He identified the channel where he can position his web link in the cluster of garden websites thus avoiding the high expenses incurred by the print and other physical medium E-Commerce an effective distribution channel: Richard has initiated the client relationship through email and the queries were addressed every mornings and evenings at convenient timings. E-mail correspondence has enhanced the reach as it can address the concerns and requests in a flash of time. The

Regression Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Regression Analysis - Research Paper Example It may also direct the researcher to other relevant and useful research studies. According to the FBI Uniform Crime Report (UCR) (2014) offenses such as motor vehicle theft, burglary, arson and larceny are all described as property crimes. All except arson involves the theft of money or property. In the case of arson, it represents damage to property. Motor vehicle theft and burglary are the two main property crimes of special interest because they are serious, prevalent and reliably measured by the FBI (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). Additionally, only 32% of larcenies are reported compared to more than 50% of burglaries (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). Several reasons are given for the difference in reporting rates and included among them is the requirement to report for insurance purposes. An important source of heterogeneity associated with the theft of motor vehicles is that a large proportion is stolen for joyriding as opposed to economic gain. The trends in crime statistics in the United States show a 16.3% decline in property crimes for the period 2004 to 2013 (FBI). In fact, burglary has been on a steady rate of decline since 1980 (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). An explanation for this might be increase in sanctions in relation to burglary which makes it less attractive than robbery. In terms of motor vehicle theft the trend which changed n the 1990’from one of an increase in rate per thousand changed to a decline. This trend is still continuing (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). The theft of motor vehicles has been associated with the era of crack when they were stolen to trade for drugs and later to prevent their own motor vehicles from confiscation. In order to reliably forecast the property crime rate several factors have been assessed through various studies. Several

Red fort just behind the side tomb of Jama Masjid Essay Example for Free

Red fort just behind the side tomb of Jama Masjid Essay ?The Red Fort (usually transcribed into English as Lal Qilah or Lal Qila) is a 17th-century fort complex constructed by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan[1] in the walled city of Old Delhi (in present day Delhi, India) that served as the residence of the Mughal Emperors. The design is commonly credited to Mughal architect Ustad Ahmad. [2][3] The fort was the palace for Mughal Emperor Shah Jahans new capital, Shahjahanabad, the seventh city in the Delhi site. He moved his capital here from Agra in a move designed to bring prestige to his reign, and to provide ample opportunity to apply his ambitious building schemes and interests. It served as the capital of the Mughals until 1857, when Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled by the British Indian government. The fort lies along the Yamuna River, which fed the moats that surround most of the walls. [4] The wall at its north-eastern corner is adjacent to an older fort, the Salimgarh Fort, a defence built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546. The construction of the Red Fort began in 1638 and was completed by 1648. The Red Fort has had many developments added on after its construction by Emperor Shah Jahan. The significant phases of development were under Aurangzeb and later under later Mughal rulers. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007. [5][6] The earlier Red Fort was built by Tomara king Anangpala, now known as the Qulb Mosque. [7] The Red Fort derives its name from the extensive use of red sandstone on the massive walls that surround the fort. [7] Shah Jahan commissioned the construction of the Red Fort in 1638 when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Ustad Ahmad was chosen as the architect for construction of the royal palace. Construction began in the auspicious month of Muharram on 13 May 1638. [8]:01 Construction of the fort was supervised by Shah Jahan himself and was completed in 1648. [9][10] The Red Fort was originally referred to as Qila-i-Mubarak (the blessed fort), because it was the residence of the royal family. [11][12] Unlike the other Mughal forts, layout of the boundary walls of the Red Fort is not symmetrical so as to retain and integrate the older Salimgarh Fort. [8]:04 The fortress palace was an important focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad (present day Old Delhi). The planning and aesthetics of the Red Fort represent the zenith of Mughal creativity which prevailed during the reign of emperor Shah Jahan. Aurangzeb, Shah Jahans successor, added the Moti Masjid to the emperors private quarters and constructed barbicans in front of the two main gates, which made the entrance route to the palace more circuitous. [8]:08 The administrative and fiscal structure of the Mughals declined after Aurangzeb. The 18th century thus saw a degeneration of the palace and inhabitants of the Red Fort. When Jahandar Shah took over the Red Fort in 1712, the palace had been without an emperor for 30 years. Within a year of his rule, Jahandar Shah was murdered and replaced by Farukhsiyar. To combat the declining finances, the silver ceiling of the palace Rang Mahal was replaced by copper during this period. Muhammad Shah, who was also known as Rangila (the colourful) for his deep interest in arts, took over the Red Fort in 1719. In 1739, Nadir Shah, the Persian emperor, attacked the Mughals. The Mughal army was easily defeated and Nadir Shah plundered the Red Fort of its riches including the Peacock Throne. Nadir Shah returned to Persia after three months leaving a destroyed city and a weakening Mughal empire to Muhammad Shah. [8]:09 The internal weaknesses of the Mughal empire turned Mughals into titular heads of Delhi. A treaty signed in 1752 made Marathas the protector of the throne at Delhi. [13][14] The Maratha conquest of Lahore and Peshawar in 1758,[15] put them in direct confrontation with Ahmad Shah Durrani. [16][17] In 1760, the Marathas removed and melted the Silver ceiling of the Diwan-i-Khas to generate funds for the defence of Delhi from the armies of Ahmed Shah Durrani. [18][19] In 1761, after the Marathas lost the third battle of Panipat, Delhi was raided by Ahmed Shah Durrani. In 1771, Shah Alam ascended to the throne in Delhi with the support of the Marathas. [8]:10 In 1783, the Sikh Misl Karorisinghia, led by Baghel Singh Dhaliwal, conquered Delhi and the Red Fort. Sikhs agreed to restore Shah Alam as the emperor and retreat from the fort on the condition that Mughals would construct and protect seven historical Gurudwaras in Delhi associated with the Sikh gurus. [20] Red Fort Before the Seige The Illustrated London News 1858 In 1803, during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the forces of British East India Company defeated the Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi, ending the Maratha rule over the city and their control over the fort. [21] After the battle, British took over the administration of Mughal territories and installed a Resident at the Mughal courts in Red Fort. [8]:11 The last Mughal emperor to occupy the fort, Bahadur Shah II Zafar, emerged as a symbol of the 1857 rebellion against the British in which the residents of Shahjahanbad participated. [8]:15 Red Fort in Delhi, c. 1905 Despite being the seat of Mughal power and its defensive capabilities, the Red Fort was not defended during the 1857 uprising against the British. After the failure of the rebellion, Bahadur Shah II left the fort on 17 September and was apprehended by British forces. He returned to Red Fort as a prisoner of the British and was tried in 1858. He was exiled to Rangoon on 7 October of the same year. [22] With the end of the Mughal reign, the British gave official sanctions to remove and sell valuables from the palace at the Red Fort. In 1863, British destroyed many buildings inside and outside the fort, filled up the gardens, stripped the fort of any valuable items and reduced it to just a military structure. [8]:16–7 After Indian Independence, the site experienced few changes in terms of addition or alteration to the structures. The Red Fort continued to be used as a cantonment even after Independence. A significant part of the fort remained under the control of the Indian Army until 22 December 2003, when it was handed over to the Archaeological Survey of India for restoration. [23][24] Architectural designs The Red Fort covers a total area of about 254. 67 acres enclosed within 2. 4 kilometres of defence walls. [1] The walls are punctuated by turrets and bastions. They vary in height from 18 m on the river side to 33 m on the city side. The fort is shaped like an octagon with the north-south axis longer than the east-west axis. The use of marble, floral decorations, double domes in the buildings inside the fort exemplifies the later phase of Mughal architecture. [25] It showcases a very high level of art form and ornamental work. It is believed that the Kohinoor diamond was a part of the furniture. The art work in the Fort is a synthesis of Persian, European and Indian art which resulted in the development of unique Shahjahani style which is very rich in form, expression and colour. Red Fort is one of the important building complexes of India which encapsulates a long period of Indian history and its arts. Even before its notification as a monument of national importance in the year 1913, efforts were made to preserve and conserve the Red Fort, for posterity. The walls of Lahore and Delhi gates were for the general public and Khizrabad Gate was for emperors personal use. [8]:04 The Lahore Gate is the main entrance leading to the domed arcade containing shops called the Chatta Chowk (covered bazaar). [25] Silk, jewellery and other items which catered to the royal household were sold in Chatta Chowk in the Mughal period. Chatta Chowk leads to a large open space where it crosses the large north-south street that was originally the division between the forts military functions, to its west, and the palaces, to its east. The southern end of this street is the Delhi Gate. Important structures Lahore Gate The Indian flag flying from Lahore Gate The Lahore gate is the main gate to the Red Fort named after its orientation towards Lahore, Pakistan. It is said that during Aurangzebs reign the beauty of both the gates was spoiled by adding bastions: The vista like a veil drawn across the face of a beautiful woman. [26][27][28] Every year since Indian Independence Day 1947, the national flag has been raised and the Prime Minister has made a speech from the ramparts at the Lahore Gate. In the 1980s, the security of the area was increased by blocking the tower windows as a security measure against sniper attacks. A lift was also added to the gate. [29] Delhi Gate

The Red Convertible Essay examples -- Analysis, Louise Erdrich

Symbolism is a quintessential element in all writing, whether it is prose or a poem. â€Å"The Red Convertible,† a short story written by Louise Erdrich, tells the story of the destructive nature of war, via the strain caused on the families from improper deconditioning. The main characters in the story, Lyman and Henry Lamartine, are brothers that develop a seemingly inseparable bond through a car; a red convertible. Lyman, the younger of the two was very hard-working and could always â€Å"make money† (Erdrich 394). He manages to ascend up the employment ladder at Joliet Cafà © from â€Å"washing dishes† (Erdrich 394) to eventually owning the establishment. Henry was soon drafted into the war and became a Marine. Upon returning from the Vietnam War â€Å"Henry was very different† (Erdrich 396) and â€Å"the change was no good† (Erdrich 396). Additionally, with the name in the title, it is only befitting that the convertible play a very impo rtant factor in the short story. The red convertible, Henry’s refusal to remove his war garments, and the picture of the two brothers are symbols that make the story complete by providing a view of their lives and personality. Although there are many symbols throughout the story, the most established is the red convertible. Louise Erdrich uses the red convertible as a symbolic representation of not only Lyman and Henry’s relationship but all war separated families. The convertible served as a common enjoyment of both brothers and is representative of their independence. When Henry returned from the war scarred, â€Å"quiet, and never comfortable sitting still anywhere† (Erdrich 396). Lyman was upset that his brother was acting differently, so, in order to spark emotion and â€Å"interest† (Erdrich 396) Lyman damaged th... ...d Lyman’s relationship. A noteworthy example is when Lyman â€Å"plows† (Erdrich 400) the automobile into the river. Eventually, the car engine dies; just like Henry and the relationship of the two brothers. Clothes, an occupational indicator in this instance, show Henry’s inability to remove himself from war. His garments act as a binding force and a memory that will oppress him until death. Comparatively, the picture serves as a reminder of the past that continues to haunt Lyman, so much in fact, that he â€Å"put the picture in a brown bag and folded the bag over and over tightly† (Erdrich 398). The author uses the most disparaging facet of living, death, to portray that life is not everlasting and that although we will not live forever, our memories will. Symbols deepen the story by opening a gateway into the emotional and physical states of the brothers. The Red Convertible Essay examples -- Analysis, Louise Erdrich Symbolism is a quintessential element in all writing, whether it is prose or a poem. â€Å"The Red Convertible,† a short story written by Louise Erdrich, tells the story of the destructive nature of war, via the strain caused on the families from improper deconditioning. The main characters in the story, Lyman and Henry Lamartine, are brothers that develop a seemingly inseparable bond through a car; a red convertible. Lyman, the younger of the two was very hard-working and could always â€Å"make money† (Erdrich 394). He manages to ascend up the employment ladder at Joliet Cafà © from â€Å"washing dishes† (Erdrich 394) to eventually owning the establishment. Henry was soon drafted into the war and became a Marine. Upon returning from the Vietnam War â€Å"Henry was very different† (Erdrich 396) and â€Å"the change was no good† (Erdrich 396). Additionally, with the name in the title, it is only befitting that the convertible play a very impo rtant factor in the short story. The red convertible, Henry’s refusal to remove his war garments, and the picture of the two brothers are symbols that make the story complete by providing a view of their lives and personality. Although there are many symbols throughout the story, the most established is the red convertible. Louise Erdrich uses the red convertible as a symbolic representation of not only Lyman and Henry’s relationship but all war separated families. The convertible served as a common enjoyment of both brothers and is representative of their independence. When Henry returned from the war scarred, â€Å"quiet, and never comfortable sitting still anywhere† (Erdrich 396). Lyman was upset that his brother was acting differently, so, in order to spark emotion and â€Å"interest† (Erdrich 396) Lyman damaged th... ...d Lyman’s relationship. A noteworthy example is when Lyman â€Å"plows† (Erdrich 400) the automobile into the river. Eventually, the car engine dies; just like Henry and the relationship of the two brothers. Clothes, an occupational indicator in this instance, show Henry’s inability to remove himself from war. His garments act as a binding force and a memory that will oppress him until death. Comparatively, the picture serves as a reminder of the past that continues to haunt Lyman, so much in fact, that he â€Å"put the picture in a brown bag and folded the bag over and over tightly† (Erdrich 398). The author uses the most disparaging facet of living, death, to portray that life is not everlasting and that although we will not live forever, our memories will. Symbols deepen the story by opening a gateway into the emotional and physical states of the brothers.

Ava Wrestles the Alligator

Three Dimensions Museo del Prado in Madrid, Spain houses an unconventional triptych called The Garden of Earthly Delight painted by Hieronymus Bosch in 1504. A triptych works by combining three different panels and forming one picture, world, or scene. In the case of The Garden of Earthly Delight we are presented with a triptych that, not only has three complete scenes of Eden, Ecclesia’s Paradise, and Hell present when opened but when closed the viewer can see creation as a whole. In â€Å"Ava Wrestles the Alligator† the triptych given is Swamplandia!In this red neck fairytale the dimensions of Swamplandia! are parallel to the famous Bosch work due the ideas of Earth, Heaven, Hell, and Swamplandia! the kingdom. In Swamplandia! the idea of Earth is known as everyday activities; the running of the park, feeding the alligators. Ava and Ossie have pet lizards and giggle at night in the room they share. â€Å"We keep giggling, happy and nervous, tickled by an incomplete in nocence† (Russell 4). During these simple, earthly times of normality Ossie also begins to experiment with her newly formed womanly body.In The Garden of Earthly Delight the images of smiling, naked men and women cover the center panel. The figures in the painting are seen experiencing life as naturally as possible. Even the lives of two young girls can be represented in art painted hundreds of years before their time. This gives the reader and the avid art viewer the idea that it is human nature to experience, laugh, and dream about the world above and beyond the shell that is the human body. Ossie yearns to feel alive. With the use of her own body and her imagination she takes her kingdom and makes it her own.Far above the kingdom of Swamplandia! the spirits of past Swamplandians hover; most importantly the deceased mother of Ava and Ossie. Ava tells the reader â€Å"summer rain is still the most comforting sound I know. I like to pretend that it’s our dead motherâ⠂¬â„¢s fingers, drumming on the ceiling above us† (Russell 3). In The Garden of Earthly Delight the idea of Heaven is represented by animals, including alligators, relaxing by a pool of water and the lack of humans, comforted only by a single cloaked figure. In the ase of Ava and Ossie the cloaked figure is the thought of their mother’s spirit encasing their house with each drop of rain. One of the most focal points of The Garden of Earthly Delight is shown in the bottom right corner of the right hand panel. The image of a Bird Beast, or Prince of Hell, ruling over the Underworld is most prominent to the scene. The Prince lures in his prey and uses them for his benefit, whether it is food, pleasure, or manual labor. Like Ossie is a slave to her own pleasure and even attempts suicide to become one with her own twisted sense of desire.The women of The Garden of Earthly Delight are trapped by sex and pleasure, emotions commonly mistaken for love. Though the similarities ar e obvious between the two â€Å"men† of each story; the most striking common feature of â€Å"Ava Wrestles the Alligator† and The Garden of Earthly Delight comes from the Prince shown devouring a woman, much like how the Bird Man rapes Ava. As obvious as the painting, Ava identifies the Bird Man as â€Å"†¦no Prince Charming. He’s covered in feathers and bird shit† (Russell 11). With these three dimensions the idea of a kingdom is more apparent than the simple highway passing of Swamplandia!The reader is presented with a complex and mysterious gateway through the mind of a twelve year old and to the world of diamond lizards, grief, and the realistic notion that magic is above, below, and surrounding each human being that decides to open the doors of their own triptych. With a glance into Ava’s world and a single glance at a classic work of art each person can discover a fairytale. Works Cited Russell, Karen. â€Å"Ava Wrestles the Alligator. † St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves. New York: Vintage Books, 2006. 3-25.

Sigmund Freud Commentary On Psychology - 1529 Words

Sigmund Freud Commentary Freud begins his investigation into Fetishism by making the following statement â€Å"What happened, therefore, was that the boy refused to take cognizance of the fact of his having perceived that a woman does not possess a penis. No, that could not be true: for if a woman had been castrated, then his own possession of a penis was in danger; and against that there rose in rebellion the portion of his narcissism which nature has, as a precaution, attached to that little organ.† (Freud 1927:153) in this he discusses the point at which he decides a fetish is born into existence as a necessary tool for survival in the young male’s mind. What is so interesting about this quote is the fact that Freud believes that the boy†¦show more content†¦This is part of a continued thought that penis should be disregarded in its biological nature, the important factor is in fact the power that the young male associates with it, so much so that he must fa bricate a substitute for where it is missing in his mother, and so much so that this substitute dominates the boy’s sexual life and potential to reach satisfaction. To broaden his argument and make a direct comparison regarding his investigation on psychosis and neurosis, Freud discusses another case of loss early in life; â€Å"In the analysis of two young men I learned that each – one when he was two years old and the other when he was ten – had failed to take cognizance of the death of his beloved father – had ‘scotomized’ it and yet neither of them had developed a psychosis. Thus a piece of reality which was undoubtedly important had been disavowed by the ego, just as the unwelcome fact of the woman’s castration is disavowed in fetishists.† (Freud 1927: 155). This is so important to his argument as it shows the high level of importance that he assigns to the idea of castration to a young boy – to the point that it pro duces similar effects and is as altering to the psyche as the loss of a beloved father when very young. He suggests that the penis holds all the power ofShow MoreRelatedInterpretation Of Dreams In Kalpa Sutra833 Words   |  4 PagesKalpa Sutra: Comparative Analysis with Freud’s Psychology of Dreams ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The study attempts to analyze the psychology of dreams as given in ancient Jain text – Kalpa Sutra. 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